Introduction. The Idea Of Fairtrade Emerged In The Late

Introduction The idea of Fairtrade emerged in the late 1940s, which aims to rise the living standard of the disadvantaged producers and farmers in the developing countries. Providing sustainable supports to them, including investments, training, decent working conditions and better prices. The first Fair Trade label was introduced in 1988 to certify Fairtrade product and thus Fairtrade products become saleable in both supermarkets and other mainstream actors (Bezencon, 2011, p.61). This essay argues that producers and workers cannot gain notable benefits from Fairtrade. It will begin by looking at the Fairtrade minimum price and wages, then move on to the financial stability guarantee from Fairtrade Foundation and finally with the factors†¦show more content†¦Bezencon (2011, pp.64,65) states that the earnings of Fair Trade farmers will be protected by price floor set by Fairtrade Foundation to ensure selling price of Fairtrade certified products is higher than market price and independen t of the current market condition. Taking the coffee industry in 2013 as an example, despite the fact that coffee prices was low, Fairtrade farmers in Mexico, Peru, Tanzania and Indonesia sold around 8 to 26 percent higher, are mentioned in Fairtrade International (2016, p.1). It seems that Fairtrade farmers’ income can be secured. Yet data gathered in the Dragusanu et al. (2014, pp. 228-229) suggests a considerable proportion of crops produced by Fairtrade-certified farmers can be sold for the Fairtrade price: coffee (45 percent), cane sugar (54 percent), cocoa (61 percent), bananas (72 percent), and cotton (60 percent). It shows the exceptions do occur in the prevention of earning below the minimum price. As a result, Fairtrade growers cannot gain better price as the targets of Fairtrade and hence income stability cannot be guaranteed. Knowledge Application Finally, it can be argued that income generation training is ineffective for Fairtrade producers and workers. Fairtrade International (2016, p.1) reports greater proportion of Fairtrade famers received training than that of non-Fairtrade farmers. According to Bezencon (2011, pp. 64-65), training provided by Fair Trade is aboutShow MoreRelatedCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 Pagesimpact. Notify the Starbucks Crisis Management Team of the crisis and provide an initial assessment. General Response Priorities 4 Overview of Starbucks Coffee Named after a character in the classic story of Moby Dick, Starbucks Coffee has emerged as the world s leader in retail, roasting, and branding of specialty coffees for millions of customers worldwide since its 1971 founding in Seattle s Pike Place Market in the state of Washington. Still headquartered in Seattle, Starbucks CoffeeRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesinteract and how businesses market, promote, and distribute their products globally. The same can be said for mass collaboration efforts occurring through digital, online technology for the development of new and innovative systems, products, and ideas. Both social networking and mass collaboration bring new power and influence to individuals across borders and transform the nature of their relationships with global organizations. As in the past, these developments underscore and reinforce the importance

Difference between IT and IS Management Issues Free Samples

Question: Write the Difference between Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) issues and how it will affect customer choice, continued Patronage, Brand loyalty, etc. Suggest how to attract New Customers from Competitors and any Other New Business Opportunities that May arise with such a set up. Answer: Introduction StayTogether is a hotel chain that is being set up after the grouping up of ten hotel chains that have decided to merge their business in order to deal with the market pressure that is levied upon low priced hotel accommodations. The management has decided that the hotel bookings will be allowed to be performed through a single site only along with a mobile application for the same. The document is a report that covers the management decision along with certain IS and IT issues that may come up. Recommendations on attracting new customers have also been covered. Management Decisions StayTogether Loyalty will be a customer oriented loyalty programme that will be launched to provide the customers with added benefits such as airport transfers, free of cost parking facility and free nights as well. The tariff for a particular hotel room will also cover the buffet breakfast and dinner from the restaurants that are listed on the site. It will allow the owners to earn extra on per guest. The charges associated with exclusive eateries will not be included (McBurney, 2015). Rebates will be provided if the travelers choose to travel with the partner airlines and credit will be provided for free nights or free meals. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) scheme will also be launched through which the customers may donate 1% of their overall expenses to a charity. It will however be optional (Orlitzky, 2015). Assumptions The hotel chains that will be collaborating with each other to come up with StayTogether have agreed on the policies, terms and conditions which have been documented in the form of a contract. The web development and setting up of the mobile application has been done. The decision has been taken on the share of profits and revenues that will be distributed to the individual hotels (Popp, 2017). The project will be finished in the estimated budget and schedule. The management along with the rest of the team will have the adequate set of skills to accomplish all of the project activities. Difference between IT and IS Issues IT and IS are usually used as inter-exchangeable terms; however, there is a difference between the two terms along with the issues that may be associated with each in terms of an organization or a project. Information System (IS) is primarily concerned with the quality and availability of the information that will be stored along with the several operations on the information such as its storage, management and organization. Issues around the overall management of information will come under IS issues. Also, there may be gaps in terms of the communication that may be encountered which will also be counted in the category of IS issues (El-Awad, 2017). Information Technology (IT) on the other hand will primarily be concerned with the technical infrastructure and its management in association with StayTogether. The use of the current technologies along with the identification of new technologies that will be required to be adapted will come under the issues associated with IT. Integration and collaboration issues will also be classified under IT issues (Bruni, 2014). IS Issues and their Impact on Customers There will be a number of IS issues that will be associated with the hotel chain and they may have a considerable impact on the customer choices and brand value. There may be a lot many attacks that may take place on the web application of StayTogether in terms of the security attacks and risks. These issues may be classified under three broad categories as: Confidentiality Attacks The information that will be present in the web site and mobile application along with the database of StayTogether will include the details of the travelers, their payment information, details of hotels, airlines details and many more. All of this information will be confidential in nature and attacks such as eavesdropping or tracking will violate the confidentiality of the information. Integrity Attacks There may also be attacks on the integrity of the information as the information may be modified in an unauthorized manner. Such as modification of the hotel ratings will cause loss to the business and will also bring down the customer base. Message and media alteration will be the two integrity attacks that may have a high likelihood (Chasserio, 2014). Availability Attacks There may also be attacks on the availability which will have the worst impacts as availability will be the prime quality that will be desired by the customers. The attacks such as flooding and impersonation attacks may impact availability. There may also be issues in adherence to the quality standards and best practices which may not be correctly done. It will bring up issues in the performance of the system which will bring down the level of customer expectations. There are several entities that are involved in StayTogether on the business side such as ten different hotels and their owners, management staff and operations staff. There may be difficulties in the communication that may take place between all of these entities and ineffective communication will bring in a lot many issues. The IS issues that have been listed above will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the security risks and attacks will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the same features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether. IT Issues and their Impacts on Customers Apart from the IS issues that have been listed above, there may be several IT issues that may also exist in association with StayTogether. There will be a number of networking equipment along with other hardware that will be necessary to carry out many of the front end and back end activities. There may be issues in the performance of these tools and equipment that may impact the overall performance. Technical and operational error may lead to the situation of a failure (Antunes, 2014). It will be necessary to include several different components and operations as an integrated unit such as collaboration of sales team with development tools along with marketing and research will be necessary. Also, collaboration from third parties such as airlines agencies, restaurants and travelers will also be required. Issues in the integration of these components in terms of their technical functions and operational activities may come up (Secundo, 2017). The IT issues that have been listed above will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the technical and operational failure will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the same features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether (Fengel, 2014). Strategies to Attract New Customers There are several strategies that may be used to attract new customers towards StayTogether and these strategies have been listed below. The customers who are not registered with StayTogether shall be provided with the first-time user discounts and offers such as cashbacks or reduced rates at the time of the booking. Such a strategy will make many of the customers to get associated with StayTogether and the quality of the services that will be provided will enhance the experience and engagement. Social media integration is one of the much in demand strategy and concept that shall be applied in case of StayTogether. The users in the present times have their accounts set up on the popular social networking platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and many more. Easy and convenient integration with these accounts will allow the management to understand the user choices and preferences and will allow the customers to integrate and share information to and from these accounts. Market analysis and study shall be regularly done to understand the unique features and offerings that are being provided by the competitors. Enhanced features and functionalities in a quicker timeframe shall be provided to gain competitive edge in the market (Wamba, 2017). There are several payment options that are now available and one of the latest modes of payment is through an e-wallet. There are several e-wallet sites and applications that have been set up which shall be integrated in the payment gateway of StayTogether to allow the users to sync in with the same. There may be additional offers that the users may avail with the use of an e-wallet. Social media marketing and advertising shall also be used to introduce the customers with the latest offering along with the details, reviews and comments from the other users (Brocke, 2014). New Business Opportunities With the collaboration of ten hotel chains together, there will be an enhancement in the business activities that will be observed. It will lead to the generation of new business opportunities as well. StayTogether may collaborate with the city guides and tour services to provide the customers with an itinerary of the place they shall be visiting. The business opportunity will allow the customers to perform all the actions from a single portal in terms of bookings and creation of itinerary which will enhance their customer experience. Mode of transport is necessary while traveling and customers will find it suitable if they will be provided with the opportunity to book the same in advance. StayTogether may collaborate with the transport agencies to allow the customers to book their preferred mode of transport (Giudice, 2016). There may be use of data analysis and data mining tools that may be used on the information associated with StayTogether portal which will allow the data analysts to understand the user choices and preferences along with the general trends in the market. It will allow the company with an opportunity to create new business values. Frequent customers shall be provided with additional offers and discounts on the bookings to allow them to use the services in a better manner. There has been a transformation that has been seen in the travel, tourism and hotel industry that has been seen. Creation of StayTogether with collaboration of ten hotel chains along with the web presence is one such example of the transformation that is going on. There will be a lot many new business opportunities that will be created with the setting up of StayTogether and its portal (Ferretti, 2016). Conclusion StayTogether is a hotel chain that is being set up after the grouping up of ten hotel chains that have decided to merge their business in order to deal with the market pressure that is levied upon low priced hotel accommodations. IT and IS are usually used as inter-exchangeable terms; however, there is a difference between the two terms along with the issues that may be associated with each in terms of an organization or a project. There will be a number of IS and IT issues that will be associated with the hotel chain and they may have a considerable impact on the customer choices and brand value. These issues will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the security risks and attacks will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the s ame features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether. References Antunes, A. (2014). MUVE IT: reduce the friction in business processes, 20(4), 571-597. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2013-0093 Brocke, J. (2014). Ten principles of good business process management, 20(4), 530-548. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-06-2013-0074 Bruni, A. (2014). Entrepreneuring together: his and her stories. International Journal Of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 20(2), 108-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2011-0187 Chasserio, S. (2014). When entrepreneurial identity meets multiple social identities: Interplays and identity work of women entrepreneurs, 20(2), 128-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2011-0157 El-Awad, Z. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning and innovation: The critical role of team-level learning for the evolution of innovation capabilities in technology-based ventures, 23(3), 381-405. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2016-0177 Fengel, J. (2014). Semantic technologies for aligning heterogeneous business process models, 20(4), 549-570. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2013-0085 Ferretti, M. (2016). Internet of Things and business processes redesign in seaports: The case of Hamburg, 22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-05-2015-0079 Giudice, M. (2016). Discovering the Internet of Things (IoT) within the business process management: A literature review on technological revitalization, 22(2), 263-270. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-12-2015-0173 McBurney, P. (2015). The Knowledge Engineering Review. Retrieved from https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/core/journals/knowledge-engineering-review Orlitzky, M. (2015). The politics of corporate social responsibility or: why Milton Friedman has been right all along, 1(1), 5-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ASR-06-2015-0004 Popp, A. (2017). Enterprise Society. Retrieved from https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/core/journals/enterprise-and-society Secundo, G. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning dynamics in knowledge-intensive enterprises, 23(3), 366-380. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2017-0020 Wamba, S. (2017). Big data analytics and business process innovation. Business Process Management, 23(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2017-0046

Reflective Account on Health and Safety free essay sample

To Emergency Situations I am in the garden with one teacher and two other teaching assistants on 20/09/2012. The garden activity centre is out, and there are various activities set at different areas. I am walking around the garden observing the children whilst they are playing. Suddenly, child A falls off the activity centre and lands on her bottom. I walk over to her and ask her are you k? She looks at me with tears in her eyes and nods. I bend down to her and ask her are you sure? She looks at me and shakes her head. I then take her hand, help her up, and lead her over to the teacher. I explain to the teacher child A fell off the activity centre and landed on her bottom. I asked child A if she was k and she shook her head. The teacher then said to child A are you hurt? Child A looked at the teacher and nodded. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account on Health and Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The teacher then asked me can you take her to the office please to see the first eider? I answered k. I looked at child A and said come on, its k. I took child A to the office and the first eider, and told the first eider child A fell off the activity centre and landed on her bottom. The first alder handed me an accident form to fill out whilst she looked at child A. The reason why I asked child A If she was k, was to reassure her and comfort her so she know she was safe and not In trouble. The reason why I took child A to the office is because that Is my settings procedures for accidents. I filled In an accident form because that Is also my settings procedures. Next time, I will let the other staff know, so that they can observe the other children and keep them safe.

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children Free Online Research Papers It is obvious that the American society is obsessed with sports. All one needs to do to see this obsession is turn on the television and watch one of the dozens of twenty -four hour sports stations and commercials dedicated to sports. Still not convinced, then hop into your car and take a drive across any suburban American town and look at the parks and playing fields. They are full of adult and children athletes playing for leisure and competition. We, as adults, have made athletics into a billion dollar industry as spectators and participants. Our need for sports fuels our pride and self worth as Americans. However, organized youth sports in the U.S. are still a relatively new phenomenon. Prior to 1954, most organized sports in this country took place through social agencies such as the YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, etc. (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Since this time, the benefits provided by these activities have developed into private youth sports organizatio ns primarily run by volunteering adults. Does our obsession have a purpose? Do organized sports play a positive role in the lives of our children? At first thought, any red blooded American would say absolutely. But can we explain why and in what way organized sports benefit our children? Parents and coaches have alluded to the idea that sports are great for kids for decades, but when this comment is made it seems to be accepted without any question. In the following text we will discuss specific benefits from participation in organized sports including the physical, psychological, and academic impact of sport on children. We will also look at the research to see the concrete proof that organized sports play a vital role in the development of the youth of this country. Physical The most alarming issue facing the health of our country and specifically our children is the epidemic of childhood obesity. The infrastructure of our nation’s health care system will be tested as we see the first wave of obese children reach adulthood and deal with the related health issues. The scary facts are that the lifestyle and diet we promote is trickling down to the children of this country. Health issues that are linked to adult obesity are now becoming more and more common in children and teens. For example, type II diabetes was once considered adult on-set diabetes, but today the cases of children with type II diabetes is raising at an alarming rate. The estimated yearly cost of obesity in this country is estimated at around 61 billion dollars. With these issues facing the children of this country we need a cure right? Well a portion of that cure is located in organized sports. The solution is simple to stopping the trend of childhood obesity; eat less and be mo re active. Today children in this country are far less active than prior generations. Through childhood activity, we are not only saving our children from a life of obesity as adults but we are also potentially saving this country billions of dollars in missed days of work, dollars spent on health care, and rising disability rates. (Healthierchildren.org). In 1997, the CDC stated within its â€Å"Guidelines for Schools and Communities for Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity† that youth sports can promote positive behavior that can last a lifetime (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Much debate has been discussed in the general public about the frequency and duration it takes for a child athlete to receive benefits from physical activity. Boys and girls who participate in just two 50 minute training sessions per week improved their aerobic capacity by 15% in just six months (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). How young is too young for involvement in organized sports? Children under the age of 5 are more than likely to receive from organized sports the simplest of benefits. For example, children at this age seem to enjoy the advancement in motor skills and interaction and not the competitive aspect of the activity (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). A study in Singapore showed that even preschoolers could benefit from involvement in organized sports. This study showed that preschoolers who participated in organized sports where stronger physically, socially, and emotionally developed than peers who were not evolved in organized sports at the preschool level (Nonis, 2004). As with adults over training is a serious issue. A 1980 study detailed the risks of over training with child athletes. There is points in training were growth actually may be retarded (McKeag, 1980). This extreme should not scare parents from allowing there children to participate in a appropriate level of physica l activity. Academics We live in a competitive world and as a culture it is our duty to prepare children for the competition. The benefits of organized sports reach farther than the playing fields and hardwood floors of our schools. Organized sport has the potential to also help our children in the realm of academia. Sports help us to prepare for a life filled with stiff competition. Organized athletics teach children to respect authority and to develop time management skills outside the classroom; to be able to balance the responsibilities of being a student and an athlete. The typical stereo-type of the â€Å"dumb athlete† couldn’t be any farther from the actual truth. Current research actually points to a relationship between organized athletics and higher academics. The lessons learned outside the classroom transfer directly into relationships with teachers and peers in an educational environment. The research points to a direct correlation between organized sports and higher development rates in academics. Athletics teach our children to master skills and to focus on the development of virtue over the outcome (Durrant, 2007)). This is a concept that parents and coaches since the dawn of sports have stressed. Organized sports teach life lessons of discipline, hard work, dedication, and how to push through adversity. But the stereotype of the â€Å"dumb jock† has also haunted organized sport as well. The truth is that students who participate in extra curricular activities including organized sports tend to be more academically equipped (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). It must be noted that students who participate in multiple extracurricular activities including those outside of organized sport seem to benefit the most academically. Psychological The average person knows that there is a positive feeling of self that comes from physical activity and exercise. From a physiological stand point we could say that this is caused by the body producing natural endorphins that just make us feel good for a short period of time following exercise. But the truth is through organized sport we build a sense of self worth, and accomplishment not present in exercise and physical activity alone. These positive feelings we feel following participation in organized sport are the direct result of putting hard work in and seeing the outcome for the whole group not just the individual. The truth is that sports give children an opportunity to develop self concept and how to express themselves within a group. It seems that this is a natural need that even children who do not participate in organized sports have. For example, children in early elementary school are seen looking for situations to act out their competitive nature; competition becomes an independent social motive. Organized sports give these children an outlet for this natural behavior (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradely, 1996) As health professionals, it is our job to promote behavior that will increase quality of life and educate Americans on the risk taken in certain behaviors, yet in this country today our children are living lives of risk. Our children are putting themselves at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse, adult obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, etc. Extracurricular activities including organized sports have a direct impact on decreasing risky behavior by children. This can mainly be explained due to the type of peers a child associates with on a regular basis. If a child participates in extracurricular activities his or her choice of friends is likely to be from the pool of children that participate in the given extracurricular activity. Peers who are involved in extracurricular activities tend to be more academically conscience and less likely to live lifestyles promoting risky behavior (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). If a child is surrounding them selves with responsi ble peers risky behavior is likely being decreased. In American society today it seems antisocial behavior is accepted, we claim that it’s just a phase or that it’s alright to just be who we are. While both of these may be true, a healthy person is a pro-social person who can function in main stream society. So what role can organized sport play in creating positive pro-social behaviors in children? Children who have been involved in organized sport tend to be more pro-social than their counterparts who have not been exposed to organized sport at an early age. Sports have been used with some success with improving adults and children with antisocial issues, but no clear evidence has shown sports as an effective treatment for antisocial behavior issues (Duncan, 2004). Organized sports may not have a place in treatment of children with antisocial issues but it is clear that children who have been exposed to sports at an early age are less likely to have antisocial disorders. Organized sports participation has been proven to lower scores in the areas of externalizing problems, social problems, aggression problems, and delinquency problems (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The number one psychological issue in the life of a child or young adult is the idea of self worth or self concept. The easiest way to define self concept is how do I feel about myself? What kind of self worth do I have? Various researchers have pointed to self concept as the variable with the most potential to reflect the most positive psychological gains (Sonstroem Morgan, 1988). Researchers have found a positive relationship between organized or formal sports and a positive concept of self (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The strength of self concept is built through the knowledge that I, as a person on my own, can finish what I start. I, as a person, can put my mind to a given task and perform that task with the skill I have learned through hard work. And most of all, I can contribute to the group giving us overall success. The large focus of research in the health and sport community has focused on the benefits of organized sport, but can children receive the same social benefits from relatively unorganized sports activities? The answer to this question seems to be that children do not benefit from the same life skills that come from organized sports. Organized sports do create an environment where we learn to exist within the team concept. The world of organized sport appeals to young people who are drawn to the team concept and have a positive view of authority and the group concept. However, the earlier children are involved in organized athletics the more likely they are to be attracted to these sports as a adolescent (Donaldson Ronon, 2007). Many have witnessed the out of control parent at a little league game or a child who participates in too many activities and gives up a sport at a later age. These are examples of the negative impact of youth sports. The negative impact of youth sports is a real and valid concern. The psychological benefits of youth sports are just as great for the child who grows up to have nothing to do with competitive athletics (McKeag, 1980). Conclusion The proof is in the research, organized sports provide positive benefits. Physically, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to develop asthma and diabetes as adults. Academically, children who participate in organized sports are more likely to excel in the classroom. Socially, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to suffer from depression and less likely to participate in antisocial high risk behavior. With all the positives involved, why do we see so many states and individual school districts cutting funds and opportunities for children to participate in organized childhood sports? It is vital that we fight to not only keep childhood sports a priority in our primary schools but also expand those programs. As parents we must take it on ourselves to give our children every chance to benefit from organized youth sports, even if it means taking time out of our own busy schedules to volunteer. As Americans we cannot afford to see a day when o rganized sports are limited to only those families who can afford to pay for their children to participate in them. In order for organized sport to become a priority in this country, we as health professionals must educate the public on the positives and how they translate to the long term financial and social benefits for our country. Donaldson, S., Ronan,K. (2006 Summer). The Effecs of Sports Participation on Young Adolescents’ Emotional Well-being. Adolescence, 41(162), 369-389. Duncan, S., Duncan, T., Strycker, L., Chaumeton, N. (March 3, 2002). Relations Beween Youth Antisocial and Prosocial Activites, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25 (5) 425-438. Durant, S. (2007 Summer). Raising Successful and Emotionally Healthy Children in a Competitive World. Independent School, 66(4), 116-116. Eppright, T., Sanfacon, J., Beck, N., Bradley, J. (December 23, 1996). Sports Psychiatry in Childhood and Adolescence: An Overview, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28(2), 71-86. McKeag, D. (1980). Sports and the Young Athlete: A Family Practice Perspective, Sports and the Young Athlete, 3-16. Nonis, K. (November 2005). Kindergarten Teachers’ View About the Importance of Preschoolers’ Partcipation in Sports in Singapore. Early Child Development and Care, 175(7-8), 719-742. Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M., (September 1997). Youth Sports in America, President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 2(11), 2-14. Research Papers on The Effect of Organized Sport on ChildrenEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Illegal Immigration - For illegal immigration for America Research Paper

Illegal Immigration - For illegal immigration for America - Research Paper Example It also includes the existing laws being implemented to combat this long-term issue that has conquered America by storm. It will also document the reasons as to why the US immigration policies failed as evidenced by the increasing number of illegal immigrants from all over the world. The role of government is given an emphasis to come- up with domestic policies to ensure that security and anti-terrorism concerns of the country are dealt with by law. Lastly, it will also provide the worldwide effect of immigration in the US and the participation of the other nations on how to prevent their citizens from entering the US without legal documentation. Keywords: illegal immigration, immigration laws, amnesty, legalization, illegal immigrants. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN AMERICA Since time immemorial America has been considered the land of â€Å"milk and honey† for millions of people from all across the world. Most of the citizens from poor countries aim to reach America as their end dest ination thinking that this is the place where there is more than enough for everything. It has been perceived as the land of abundance, wealth and endless opportunities. The ultimate goal of the illegal immigrants is to enter US and land a job which will earn them a substantial income to support their families in their country of origin. However, at present time, we all know that America has been experiencing economic recession and even its countrymen were not spared of this crisis, as many became unemployed, homeless and suffered financial distress. Dubbed as the â€Å"nation of nations†, Lemay (2009, p. xv) has reported that the United States has absorbed immigrants from 170 countries across the globe. It has been the home of almost 70 million legal immigrants and experienced the influx of an estimated 11 million of illegal immigrants. The unauthorized flow of illegal immigrants entering the America is caused by inefficiencies of the immigration system of the US government to enact stricter laws and policies to address the current problems. History Ngai (2007, p.2) has reported that as early as 1920’s, the unauthorized entry has become the most common form of illegal immigration which has been condemned by both the state and the society. These unauthorized immigrants may either be welcome or unwelcomed by the US. They became in demand by the economic sector as their labor is cheap and replaceable. In the middle decades of the 20th century, they were only billeted in the western and southwestern agriculture. But at present, illegal immigrants have evolved and can be found in almost every region in the United States. Based on the records, the United States documented the number of immigrants who earned the status of authorized immigrants. â€Å"An approximate of 70 million of them forms part of the legal immigrants, but as history would tell us, the flow of unauthorized entrants likewise increased. According to LeMay (2007 p.1), the heavy traffi c of these illegal immigrants commenced after 1970, and the massive volume was recorded at present time. Today, there is an estimate of 10.5 to 11 million illegal immigrants living in the US. The Evolution of US Immigration Laws In the study made by Kenney (2009, pp. 21-23), she highlighted the significant immigration laws: The Immigration and International Act of 1965 was the law which set the limit on the immigrants coming from the Western Hemisphere, including Mexico. It set a limit of 20,000

Peter roberts watches expanding in HONG KONG Essay

Peter roberts watches expanding in HONG KONG - Essay Example PESTEL analysis (Porter, 1980) focuses on the external forces that play a key in role in a firm’s ability to produce and sell. The political analysis relates to the political context of a country and governments often use them to influence the business operations. According to (Porter, 1980), these factors include trading policy; international relations and taxation policy just to mention a few. Hong Kong is relative a stable and thus offers an excellent environment for international investors to conduct business. However, the imposition of 30% tax on international companies while letting local companies free could pose challenges to Peter Roberts watches in terms of competition (HKTDC Research, 2015). Porter (1985) posits that economic factors have a significant effect on business and, in particular, the national economy where the business is located. The economic factors influence business largely in terms of income, interest rates, and general demand. Kotler et al. (2013) argues that high-interest rates discourage investment whereas high inflation affects employee wages. Hong Kong is a rising, stable economy with low inflation rates; consequently, this will be more appealing to Peter Roberts Watches to conduct business. Porter (1985) describes social factors as encompassing factors such as population growth rates, social attitudes, and social demographics among others. The significance of these factors is in their ability to affect the demand for a firm’s goods. Hong Kong’s population has a significantly large proportion of its population composed of the Y-generation (Lenway & Murtha, 1994). This generation is fashion conscious and has a high affinity for trendy products. Peter Roberts Watches firm’s ability to produce a variety of watches including fashion will ultimately appeal to this population hence market (Peter Roberts, 2015). Technological factors

How Continuous Quality Improvement Can Address Medical Errors

How Continuous Quality Improvement Can Address Medical Errors This paper will cover medical errors and how Continuous Quality Improvement can address them. Health care managers have addressed the issue of medical errors for many years. Medical errors can be caused by lack or communication and leadership. Quality improvement in the health care environment is a hot topic and managers are researching ways in which they can increase the quality of care that a patient receives. The quality of care that a patient receives can be the determining factor as to whether they live or die. It is critical that managers develop policies and implement control measure to control the rise of medical errors. Attention to medical errors escalated over five years ago with the release of a study from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which found that between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die each year in U.S. hospitals due to preventable medical errors (Kaiseredu, 2010). Hospital errors rank between the fifth and eighth leading cause of death, killing more Americans than breast cancer, traffic accidents or AIDS. Serious medication errors occur in the cases of five to 10 percent of patients admitted to hospitals. These numbers may understate the problem because they do not include preventable deaths due to medical treatments outside of hospitals (kaiseredu, 2010). Health care managers, along with the Food and Drug Administration, have study the medical error reports to determine the cause of errors. Medical errors are one of the leading causes as to why health care has declined. To improve healthcare managers must determine how to decrease the mortality rates. Managers can determine this by studying and analyzing medical reports. These reports provided managers with detailed information on what procedure was being conducted or what medication the patient was administered. In a study by the FDA that evaluated reports of fatal medication errors from 1993 to 1998, the most common error involving medications was related to administration of an improper dose of medicine, accounting for 41% of fatal medication errors. Giving the wrong drug and using the wrong route of administration each accounted for 16% of the errors. Almost half of the fatal medication errors occurred in people over the age of 60. Older people may be at greatest risk for medicati on errors because they often take multiple prescription medications (Stoppler Marks, 2010). History has shown that many surveys and research studies have been conducted, so that providers can learn where and why mistakes are being made. Once providers have a clear understanding, they can implement control measure to insure these mistakes do not occur. National Patient Safety Foundation Survey: The National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) commissioned a phone survey in 1997 to review patient opinions about medical mistakes. The findings showed that 42% of people believed they had personally experienced a medical mistake. In these cases, the error affected them personally (33%), a relative (48%), or a friend (19%) (Wrongdiagnosis, 2010). Patients that were given the survey have experienced the following medical errors: Misdiagnosis (40%), Medication error (28%), Medical procedure error (22%), Administrative error (4%), Communication error (2%), Incorrect laboratory results (2%), Equipment malfunction (1%), and Other error (7%). Patient safety should be the number one concern for health care organizations. Health care managers are held accountable for ensuring that patients are provided with quality care. They are also accountable for the patients that are injured or die due to a providerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s medical error. The health care industries along with scientific researchers have developed tools in which the quality of care can be measured. Organizations can use these tools to determine if effective care is being provided. Once they have determined the level of care they are providing, they can educate providers on what they are doing both wrong and right. The most common method used to determine the quality of care, is through the use of surveys. Health care organizations can provide staff and patients with surveys to determine what areas the organization can improve and sustain. These surveys will not be provided to every patient the provider has treated but only a selected few will be surveyed. Quality measurement in the healthcare industry requires a large amount of resources and funding. Researchers will most likely use methods that have worked before and have provide them with data; they could use to enhance the level of care the organization is providing. Healthcare researchers are constantly trying to find ways in which the completely eliminate medical errors. Due to the continuous cycle of experienced providers leaving and new providers being hired, medical errors in many cases will never be eliminated. Health care organizations can however implement the necessary control measures to ensure that patients are not misdiagnosed or the wrong limb is not amputated (Cohen, 2007). Healthcare organizations can decrease medical errors by establishing a continuous quality improvement plan that calls for the development of a multidisciplinary team to research and investigate the causes of medical errors. The Department of Veteran Affairs uses a CQI model developed by the Joint Commission to reduce the number or medical mistakes made by providers. Joint Commissions surveys all the Veteran Affairs Medical centers to see whether their staff is following the medical policies and regulations in providing quality care. Joint Commission has also established policies regarding how health care organizations will report and handle sentinel events. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of limb or function. The phrase, or the risk thereof includes any process variation for which a recurrence would carry a significant chance of a serious adverse outcome. Such events are called sentinel because they signal the need for immediate investigation and response (Jointcommission, 2010). In conclusion medical errors can occur at anytime while a patient is receiving care. It is important that health care providers communicate and provide education to their staff on reducing the number of medical errors, the facility has encountered. Medical errors can lead to the organization being sued by the patient or the patient family member. Law suites can be devastating for any organization to go through and can reduce the amount of funds that have been allotted to providing quality care. Therefore it is important that medical errors are reduced and even eliminated.