Freedom Ride Essays - Freedom Riders, Community Organizing

Opportunity Ride The reason for the Freedom Ride was to test the United States Supreme Court choice Boynton v. Virginia in 1960. The choice said that it was illegal to have isolation in interstate transport and rail stations. The main Freedom Ride started on May 4, 1961. A gathering of seven blacks and six whites from a gathering called CORE chose to see test the Supreme Court Decision. They arranged an outing from Washington, DC on Greyhound and Trailway transports. Their arrangement was to ride through Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi and end with a convention in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 17. During the outing the whites would sit in the back and the blacks in the front of the transports. Very still stops, the whites would go into blacks-just zones and blacks would go into whites-just zones. They weren?t doing anything unlawful in light of the fact that the Supreme Court choice said that they could do this however they calculated that they would have issues on the grounds that the individuals didn?t like this. The outing began with just a couple of little issues yet things deteriorated. On May 14 the gathering split up onto two distinct transports in Alabama. One transport was met by a gathering of around 200 furious mobsters who stoned the transport and cut the tires. At the point when the transport halted to fix the tires, the transport was firebombed. The different transport didn?t improve. It was met by a crowd in Birmingham and who beat up a significant number of the riders. The Freedom Riders didn't let the savagery end their outing. They needed to complete what they began so they proceeded with their excursion. They ventured out from Birmingham to Montgomery without more issues however when they showed up in Montgomery they were assaulted gravely by a horde of in excess of 1000 whites. The police didn't help stop the brutality. The assaults caused others in the remainder of the nation to support the Freedom Riders and request that the President Kennedy stop the savagery. More individuals joined the Freedom Rider yet there were still more assaults and furthermore a great deal of them got sent to prison. They never wound up making it to New Orleans. Their outing wasn?t in vain however. Subsequent to seeing what befell the Freedom Riders many individuals beginning standing up to the legislature to stand firm on social liberties. At long last, the Interstate Commerce Commission prohibited isolation in interstate transport travel in a decision in November 1961. The Freedom Riders didn?t finish their outing, yet they despite everything made a significant commitment to the social equality development. http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/freeride.html http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm

Financial Sector in GCC Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Money related Sector in GCC Countries - Essay Example In any case, recent developments show expanding collaboration among GCC nations on specific exchange matters, for example, customs obligations, quality principles, cross-part speculation, and licensed innovation right assurance (USTR 179). An understanding with the expectation of complimentary exchange among the six part nations in 1983 was one of the early accomplishments of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The entirety of the six part nations were signatories to the United Economic Agreement which gives obligation free access to all items produced in GCC part nations with consistence to existent birthplace and possession laws (Al-Muharrami et.al. 5). With the point of accomplishing objectives for more prominent financial joining, part states concurred in 1999 to set outside levies to a typical range by 2005. In January 2003 the six GCC part states set up a Customs Union which in principle infers that part states are to receive incorporated traditions laws and guidelines, one purpose of-passage, with open inner trade of items and characterization of items as national inception inside the GCC. Tax application, pay portion and quality gauges are a portion of the uncertain issues identified with the standing rules of the Customs Union. The board was set to concur in 2005 on union models for reception of a solitary money in 2010 (USTR 179). Bahrain is one of the most various and dynamic monetary focuses in the Gulf. A great part of the money related segment's development can be credited to the oil blast of the 1970s and the substitution of Beirut as a significant financial center point during the 1980s. The monetary segment is by and by the greatest supporter of GDP at 27.6 percent. Around 370 seaward banks and agent branches are built up in Bahrain (IMF Country Report). . The Bahraini government is wanting to attract progressively remote banks to the region and is envisioning killing approaching rivalry from Dubai and an arrival of Beirut. The administration is surveying the structure that polices business banking part of Bahrain in accordance with the above goals. The legislature actualized new, braced approaches for the protection area in 2001 (USTR 33). The Bahrain Stock Exchange (BSE) began activity in 1989 with two obligations: playing as a protections controller with the executives of the capital market and working as a protections trade. Outside agents will be allowed to possess 100 percent of recorded banks inside three years. The BSE has additionally acquainted a few data offices with scatter constant qualities for all recorded progressively through satellite TV (IMF Country Report). In July of 2000, the Ahli United Bank (AUB) was set up by Bahrain's Al-Ahli Commercial Bank (ACB) and United Kingdom's United Bank of Kuwait (UBK) as a seaward financial unit. Exchanging started in August 2000 of portions of the AUB. The bank has a capital of $323.5 million which represents a significant improvement later on for money related areas in the district (USTR 33). Account and Banking in Kuwait Kuwait has profited by impressive budgetary surpluses beginning from 1999. The budgetary excess has ascended to 40 percent of GDP in 2005 and is anticipated to be in the pace of 43 percent of GDP in 2006. This has been realized by strikingly higher oil costs combined with bigger

Common Phobic Reactions for the Three Types of Phobias

Common Phobic Reactions for the Three Types of Phobias Phobias Print Common Phobic Reactions for the Three Types of Phobias By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on October 14, 2018 JGI/Tom Grill/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types A loose definition of a phobic reaction is any reaction to a phobia. These reactions are symptoms -- for example, feeling intense anxiety or sweaty palms -- and may range from mild to severe. A therapist will use the details you give her about your phobic reactions to help her make the correct diagnosis. When to Seek Help for Phobic Reactions There are three types of phobia: social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia. Symptoms, or phobic reactions, may be psychological, such as an intense feeling of unease or foreboding; physical, such as crying or gastrointestinal distress; or behavioral, which includes a wide variety of avoidance tactics. Your phobic reaction merits a trip to the doctor when your symptoms interfere with your ability to make money, maintain healthy personal relationships, and perform essential daily tasks, such as bathing or grocery shopping. Treatment for Phobic Reactions All three types of phobia are highly treatable with help from a mental health professional and tend to get worse over time if you dont seek treatment. Typical treatment for phobia includes cognitive behavioral therapy techniques including gradual desensitization, comparing your unreasonable fears to the actual risk, and changing your maladaptive thoughts into constructive ones. Phobic Reactions in Social Phobia Social phobia, or social anxiety disorder, is a fear of judgment by others. Its an intense fear of embarrassing or humiliating yourself in small or large groups. Phobic reactions to what triggers your social phobia may include:      being overly concerned you will offend someone      an intense fear of having a conversation with strangers      avoiding any situation where you will be the center of attention, such as a birthday party      anticipating the worst case scenario during a social situation Phobic Reactions in Agoraphobia Agoraphobia is commonly thought of as a fear of wide, open space. Actually, this anxiety disorder is a fear of being unable to escape to safety or find help when you start having a phobic reaction. The physical symptoms match those of specific phobia (below). Maladaptive thoughts during a phobic reaction to agoraphobia can include:      Im losing my sanity.      I might lose control and have an obvious phobic reaction in public and others may stare.      I wont be able to get out of here if I start to have a phobic reaction. Certain behaviors are characteristic of agoraphobia, including:      not being able to leave your residence for long periods of time      an aversion to being far from home      needing someone you trust when going out Phobic Reactions in Specific Phobia Specific phobia presents as an intense, exaggerated, and persistent fear of a situation or object. The number of specific phobias is only limited by the number of nouns and includes, a fear of bathing (ablutophobia), a fear of the number 8 (octophobia), and the fear of death (thanatophobia). A phobic reaction to specific phobia happens when you anticipate or encounter your trigger and includes:      feelings of imminent doom      feeling dizzy or light-headed      nausea or diarrhea      avoidance tactics to prevent an encounter with your trigger      ringing in your ears

Applying for Federal Loans for Online College Students

Federal student loans offer distance learners the opportunity to pay for their online class tuition without draining their bank accounts or seeking additional employment. By filling out a single online application, you might qualify for federal student loans with reasonable interest rates and terms. Federal Student Loan Benefits Many banks offer private student loans. However, federal student loans are almost always the best choice for students who qualify. Federal student loans generally offer the lowest interest rates available. Federal loan borrowers are also given generous terms and might be able to defer loan payments if they return to college or are facing hardship. Types of Federal Student Loans The federal government offers several financial aid opportunities for students. Some of the most common federal student loans include: Federal Perkins Loans: These loans offer a very low interest rate and are available to students who demonstrate â€Å"exceptional financial need.† The government pays the interest on Federal Perkins Loans while the student is enrolled in school and for a nine-month grace period following graduation. Students begin making payments after the grace period.Federal Direct Subsidized Loans: Federal direct loans feature a low interest rate. The government pays the interest on subsidized loans while the student is enrolled in school and during a six-month grace period after graduation. Students begin making payments after the grace period.Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans: Unsubsidized loans also feature a low interest rate. However, these loans begin accumulating interest as soon as the loan money is dispersed. After graduation students have a six-month grace period before their first payment is due.Federal Direct PLUS Loans: The Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students is available fo r parents who intend to pay for their child’s education. Parents must pass a credit check or have a qualified cosigner. The first payment is due after the loan is disbursed.Federal Direct PLUS Loans for Graduate and Professional Degree Students: Adult students may also take out PLUS loans after exhausting the limits for other federal loan options. Students must pass a credit check or have a cosigner. Interest begins accumulating after the loan is disbursed. However, students may ask for a payment deferment while they are in school. In the case of a deferment, the first payment is due 45 days after the end of the deferment period. Online School Student Loan Laws Before 2006, many online students were unable to receive federal aid. In 1992, Congress enacted the 50 Percent Rule, mandating that schools qualify as financial aid distributors by offering more than 50 percent of courses in traditional classrooms. In 2006, the law was overturned. Today a growing number of online schools offer federal student aid. To offer aid, schools must still meet requirements, but the percentage of online courses no longer applies. Online Schools Offering Federal Student Loans Keep in mind that not all online schools offer federal student loans. To find out if your school is able to distribute student loans, call the school’s financial aid office. You might also search for the college’s federal school code on the federal financial aid website. Qualifying for Federal Student Loans To be eligible for federal student loans you must be a U.S citizen with a social security number. You must have a high school diploma, a GED certificate or have passed an alternative exam. You must be enrolled as a regular student working toward a certificate or degree at a school that is eligible to offer federal aid. Additionally, you must not have certain drug convictions on your record (convictions that happened prior to your eighteenth birthday don’t count, unless you were tried as an adult). You cannot currently be in default for any student loans you already have, or owe the government refund money from grants you were awarded. If you are a male, you must register for Selective Services. If you don’t meet these qualifications, it’s still a good idea to discuss your situation with a financial aid counselor. There is some flexibility with the rules. For example, some non-citizens are eligible to apply for federal aid, and students with recent drug convictions may be able to receive aid if they attend drug rehabilitation. How Much Aid Will You Receive? The type and amount of federal aid you receive is determined by your online school. Aid amount is based on several factors including your financial need, your year in school and the cost of attendance. If you are a dependent, the government will determine an expected family contribution (how much your family should be expected to contribute, based on your parent’s income). For many students, the entire cost of college attendance can be covered by federal student loans and grants. Applying for Federal Student Loans Before applying for federal student loans, set up an in-person or phone appointment with your online school’s financial aid counselor. He or she will be able to offer advice for applying and suggestions for alternative sources of aid (such as scholarships and school-based grants). Once you’ve collected the needed documents such as social security numbers and tax returns, it’s easy to apply. You will need to fill out a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA can be filled out online or on paper. Using Student Loans Wisely When you receive your federal aid award, the bulk of the money will be applied to your tuition. Any remaining money will be given to you for other school-related expenses (textbooks, school supplies, etc.) Often, you will be eligible to receive more money than is necessary. Try to use as little money as possible and return any money you do not need. Remember, student loans must be repaid. Once you finish your online education, you will begin student loan repayment. At this point, consider refinancing your student loans so you have one monthly payment at a lower interest rate. Meet with a financial counselor to discuss your options.

International Business And Multinational Corporations

The end of the 1980s experienced a visible change experienced in the literature concerning MNE functions and nature of business (Segal-Horn and Faulkner, 2010). Before 1980s, the main research in MNE field was about analyzing relation between affiliates and headquarters of the firm, and also decisions concerning making investment in foreign country, which was also experienced in Dunning’s work. After that, the focus was shifted to operations concerning coordination in management of a network of affiliates of an MNE and analysis of the competitive advantages received by these affiliates from the respective economies. Therefore, the last 20 years have experienced a very beneficial theoretical work in the field of international business and†¦show more content†¦Their main aim is to maximize the competitive advantage for the particular MNE through integration of global activities and local differences within each foreign unit. In the modern perspective, two main theories, i.e. network-based theory and knowledge-based theory of MNE, are prevalent, which are explained hereunder (Forsgren, 2008). The most importance sources of competitive advantage for MNEs are their affiliates. This is because affiliates establish a deep-rooted and long-term connection with their local partners and through this new knowledge information can be established. Such knowledge is implicit and is inserted in a particular context. Inserted or embedded knowledge itself is implicit and is also specific to a context (Pedersen, 2014). It is also entrenched in the inter-dependent activities of the employees and staff members who observe shared experiences as well as values. These traits cause more complexity and confusions in terms of barriers for transferability of such knowledge (Stephan, 2013). This affiliate embeddedness in relation with stakeholders within the business network actually opposes business contact made traditionally, in which firm used to make connections with only consumers and suppliers and relation used to end with the exchange (Lundan, 2002). Similarly, some of these relationships w ith affiliates are established gradually with the passage of time and thus higher level of

Introduction. The Idea Of Fairtrade Emerged In The Late

Introduction The idea of Fairtrade emerged in the late 1940s, which aims to rise the living standard of the disadvantaged producers and farmers in the developing countries. Providing sustainable supports to them, including investments, training, decent working conditions and better prices. The first Fair Trade label was introduced in 1988 to certify Fairtrade product and thus Fairtrade products become saleable in both supermarkets and other mainstream actors (Bezencon, 2011, p.61). This essay argues that producers and workers cannot gain notable benefits from Fairtrade. It will begin by looking at the Fairtrade minimum price and wages, then move on to the financial stability guarantee from Fairtrade Foundation and finally with the factors†¦show more content†¦Bezencon (2011, pp.64,65) states that the earnings of Fair Trade farmers will be protected by price floor set by Fairtrade Foundation to ensure selling price of Fairtrade certified products is higher than market price and independen t of the current market condition. Taking the coffee industry in 2013 as an example, despite the fact that coffee prices was low, Fairtrade farmers in Mexico, Peru, Tanzania and Indonesia sold around 8 to 26 percent higher, are mentioned in Fairtrade International (2016, p.1). It seems that Fairtrade farmers’ income can be secured. Yet data gathered in the Dragusanu et al. (2014, pp. 228-229) suggests a considerable proportion of crops produced by Fairtrade-certified farmers can be sold for the Fairtrade price: coffee (45 percent), cane sugar (54 percent), cocoa (61 percent), bananas (72 percent), and cotton (60 percent). It shows the exceptions do occur in the prevention of earning below the minimum price. As a result, Fairtrade growers cannot gain better price as the targets of Fairtrade and hence income stability cannot be guaranteed. Knowledge Application Finally, it can be argued that income generation training is ineffective for Fairtrade producers and workers. Fairtrade International (2016, p.1) reports greater proportion of Fairtrade famers received training than that of non-Fairtrade farmers. According to Bezencon (2011, pp. 64-65), training provided by Fair Trade is aboutShow MoreRelatedCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 Pagesimpact. Notify the Starbucks Crisis Management Team of the crisis and provide an initial assessment. General Response Priorities 4 Overview of Starbucks Coffee Named after a character in the classic story of Moby Dick, Starbucks Coffee has emerged as the world s leader in retail, roasting, and branding of specialty coffees for millions of customers worldwide since its 1971 founding in Seattle s Pike Place Market in the state of Washington. Still headquartered in Seattle, Starbucks CoffeeRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesinteract and how businesses market, promote, and distribute their products globally. The same can be said for mass collaboration efforts occurring through digital, online technology for the development of new and innovative systems, products, and ideas. Both social networking and mass collaboration bring new power and influence to individuals across borders and transform the nature of their relationships with global organizations. As in the past, these developments underscore and reinforce the importance

Difference between IT and IS Management Issues Free Samples

Question: Write the Difference between Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) issues and how it will affect customer choice, continued Patronage, Brand loyalty, etc. Suggest how to attract New Customers from Competitors and any Other New Business Opportunities that May arise with such a set up. Answer: Introduction StayTogether is a hotel chain that is being set up after the grouping up of ten hotel chains that have decided to merge their business in order to deal with the market pressure that is levied upon low priced hotel accommodations. The management has decided that the hotel bookings will be allowed to be performed through a single site only along with a mobile application for the same. The document is a report that covers the management decision along with certain IS and IT issues that may come up. Recommendations on attracting new customers have also been covered. Management Decisions StayTogether Loyalty will be a customer oriented loyalty programme that will be launched to provide the customers with added benefits such as airport transfers, free of cost parking facility and free nights as well. The tariff for a particular hotel room will also cover the buffet breakfast and dinner from the restaurants that are listed on the site. It will allow the owners to earn extra on per guest. The charges associated with exclusive eateries will not be included (McBurney, 2015). Rebates will be provided if the travelers choose to travel with the partner airlines and credit will be provided for free nights or free meals. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) scheme will also be launched through which the customers may donate 1% of their overall expenses to a charity. It will however be optional (Orlitzky, 2015). Assumptions The hotel chains that will be collaborating with each other to come up with StayTogether have agreed on the policies, terms and conditions which have been documented in the form of a contract. The web development and setting up of the mobile application has been done. The decision has been taken on the share of profits and revenues that will be distributed to the individual hotels (Popp, 2017). The project will be finished in the estimated budget and schedule. The management along with the rest of the team will have the adequate set of skills to accomplish all of the project activities. Difference between IT and IS Issues IT and IS are usually used as inter-exchangeable terms; however, there is a difference between the two terms along with the issues that may be associated with each in terms of an organization or a project. Information System (IS) is primarily concerned with the quality and availability of the information that will be stored along with the several operations on the information such as its storage, management and organization. Issues around the overall management of information will come under IS issues. Also, there may be gaps in terms of the communication that may be encountered which will also be counted in the category of IS issues (El-Awad, 2017). Information Technology (IT) on the other hand will primarily be concerned with the technical infrastructure and its management in association with StayTogether. The use of the current technologies along with the identification of new technologies that will be required to be adapted will come under the issues associated with IT. Integration and collaboration issues will also be classified under IT issues (Bruni, 2014). IS Issues and their Impact on Customers There will be a number of IS issues that will be associated with the hotel chain and they may have a considerable impact on the customer choices and brand value. There may be a lot many attacks that may take place on the web application of StayTogether in terms of the security attacks and risks. These issues may be classified under three broad categories as: Confidentiality Attacks The information that will be present in the web site and mobile application along with the database of StayTogether will include the details of the travelers, their payment information, details of hotels, airlines details and many more. All of this information will be confidential in nature and attacks such as eavesdropping or tracking will violate the confidentiality of the information. Integrity Attacks There may also be attacks on the integrity of the information as the information may be modified in an unauthorized manner. Such as modification of the hotel ratings will cause loss to the business and will also bring down the customer base. Message and media alteration will be the two integrity attacks that may have a high likelihood (Chasserio, 2014). Availability Attacks There may also be attacks on the availability which will have the worst impacts as availability will be the prime quality that will be desired by the customers. The attacks such as flooding and impersonation attacks may impact availability. There may also be issues in adherence to the quality standards and best practices which may not be correctly done. It will bring up issues in the performance of the system which will bring down the level of customer expectations. There are several entities that are involved in StayTogether on the business side such as ten different hotels and their owners, management staff and operations staff. There may be difficulties in the communication that may take place between all of these entities and ineffective communication will bring in a lot many issues. The IS issues that have been listed above will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the security risks and attacks will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the same features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether. IT Issues and their Impacts on Customers Apart from the IS issues that have been listed above, there may be several IT issues that may also exist in association with StayTogether. There will be a number of networking equipment along with other hardware that will be necessary to carry out many of the front end and back end activities. There may be issues in the performance of these tools and equipment that may impact the overall performance. Technical and operational error may lead to the situation of a failure (Antunes, 2014). It will be necessary to include several different components and operations as an integrated unit such as collaboration of sales team with development tools along with marketing and research will be necessary. Also, collaboration from third parties such as airlines agencies, restaurants and travelers will also be required. Issues in the integration of these components in terms of their technical functions and operational activities may come up (Secundo, 2017). The IT issues that have been listed above will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the technical and operational failure will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the same features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether (Fengel, 2014). Strategies to Attract New Customers There are several strategies that may be used to attract new customers towards StayTogether and these strategies have been listed below. The customers who are not registered with StayTogether shall be provided with the first-time user discounts and offers such as cashbacks or reduced rates at the time of the booking. Such a strategy will make many of the customers to get associated with StayTogether and the quality of the services that will be provided will enhance the experience and engagement. Social media integration is one of the much in demand strategy and concept that shall be applied in case of StayTogether. The users in the present times have their accounts set up on the popular social networking platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and many more. Easy and convenient integration with these accounts will allow the management to understand the user choices and preferences and will allow the customers to integrate and share information to and from these accounts. Market analysis and study shall be regularly done to understand the unique features and offerings that are being provided by the competitors. Enhanced features and functionalities in a quicker timeframe shall be provided to gain competitive edge in the market (Wamba, 2017). There are several payment options that are now available and one of the latest modes of payment is through an e-wallet. There are several e-wallet sites and applications that have been set up which shall be integrated in the payment gateway of StayTogether to allow the users to sync in with the same. There may be additional offers that the users may avail with the use of an e-wallet. Social media marketing and advertising shall also be used to introduce the customers with the latest offering along with the details, reviews and comments from the other users (Brocke, 2014). New Business Opportunities With the collaboration of ten hotel chains together, there will be an enhancement in the business activities that will be observed. It will lead to the generation of new business opportunities as well. StayTogether may collaborate with the city guides and tour services to provide the customers with an itinerary of the place they shall be visiting. The business opportunity will allow the customers to perform all the actions from a single portal in terms of bookings and creation of itinerary which will enhance their customer experience. Mode of transport is necessary while traveling and customers will find it suitable if they will be provided with the opportunity to book the same in advance. StayTogether may collaborate with the transport agencies to allow the customers to book their preferred mode of transport (Giudice, 2016). There may be use of data analysis and data mining tools that may be used on the information associated with StayTogether portal which will allow the data analysts to understand the user choices and preferences along with the general trends in the market. It will allow the company with an opportunity to create new business values. Frequent customers shall be provided with additional offers and discounts on the bookings to allow them to use the services in a better manner. There has been a transformation that has been seen in the travel, tourism and hotel industry that has been seen. Creation of StayTogether with collaboration of ten hotel chains along with the web presence is one such example of the transformation that is going on. There will be a lot many new business opportunities that will be created with the setting up of StayTogether and its portal (Ferretti, 2016). Conclusion StayTogether is a hotel chain that is being set up after the grouping up of ten hotel chains that have decided to merge their business in order to deal with the market pressure that is levied upon low priced hotel accommodations. IT and IS are usually used as inter-exchangeable terms; however, there is a difference between the two terms along with the issues that may be associated with each in terms of an organization or a project. There will be a number of IS and IT issues that will be associated with the hotel chain and they may have a considerable impact on the customer choices and brand value. These issues will have a negative impact on the customer trust and engagement as the frequent occurrence of the security risks and attacks will lead to adverse impacts on the customer information. Brand value and brand loyalty will also come down in the market as the goodwill will be negatively affected. There are several competitors in the market that are providing the customers with the s ame features and abilities that will have a competitive edge over StayTogether. References Antunes, A. (2014). MUVE IT: reduce the friction in business processes, 20(4), 571-597. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2013-0093 Brocke, J. (2014). Ten principles of good business process management, 20(4), 530-548. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-06-2013-0074 Bruni, A. (2014). Entrepreneuring together: his and her stories. International Journal Of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 20(2), 108-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2011-0187 Chasserio, S. (2014). When entrepreneurial identity meets multiple social identities: Interplays and identity work of women entrepreneurs, 20(2), 128-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2011-0157 El-Awad, Z. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning and innovation: The critical role of team-level learning for the evolution of innovation capabilities in technology-based ventures, 23(3), 381-405. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2016-0177 Fengel, J. (2014). Semantic technologies for aligning heterogeneous business process models, 20(4), 549-570. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2013-0085 Ferretti, M. (2016). Internet of Things and business processes redesign in seaports: The case of Hamburg, 22(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-05-2015-0079 Giudice, M. (2016). Discovering the Internet of Things (IoT) within the business process management: A literature review on technological revitalization, 22(2), 263-270. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-12-2015-0173 McBurney, P. (2015). The Knowledge Engineering Review. Retrieved from https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/core/journals/knowledge-engineering-review Orlitzky, M. (2015). The politics of corporate social responsibility or: why Milton Friedman has been right all along, 1(1), 5-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ASR-06-2015-0004 Popp, A. (2017). Enterprise Society. Retrieved from https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/core/journals/enterprise-and-society Secundo, G. (2017). Entrepreneurial learning dynamics in knowledge-intensive enterprises, 23(3), 366-380. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2017-0020 Wamba, S. (2017). Big data analytics and business process innovation. Business Process Management, 23(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2017-0046

Reflective Account on Health and Safety free essay sample

To Emergency Situations I am in the garden with one teacher and two other teaching assistants on 20/09/2012. The garden activity centre is out, and there are various activities set at different areas. I am walking around the garden observing the children whilst they are playing. Suddenly, child A falls off the activity centre and lands on her bottom. I walk over to her and ask her are you k? She looks at me with tears in her eyes and nods. I bend down to her and ask her are you sure? She looks at me and shakes her head. I then take her hand, help her up, and lead her over to the teacher. I explain to the teacher child A fell off the activity centre and landed on her bottom. I asked child A if she was k and she shook her head. The teacher then said to child A are you hurt? Child A looked at the teacher and nodded. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account on Health and Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The teacher then asked me can you take her to the office please to see the first eider? I answered k. I looked at child A and said come on, its k. I took child A to the office and the first eider, and told the first eider child A fell off the activity centre and landed on her bottom. The first alder handed me an accident form to fill out whilst she looked at child A. The reason why I asked child A If she was k, was to reassure her and comfort her so she know she was safe and not In trouble. The reason why I took child A to the office is because that Is my settings procedures for accidents. I filled In an accident form because that Is also my settings procedures. Next time, I will let the other staff know, so that they can observe the other children and keep them safe.

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children Free Online Research Papers It is obvious that the American society is obsessed with sports. All one needs to do to see this obsession is turn on the television and watch one of the dozens of twenty -four hour sports stations and commercials dedicated to sports. Still not convinced, then hop into your car and take a drive across any suburban American town and look at the parks and playing fields. They are full of adult and children athletes playing for leisure and competition. We, as adults, have made athletics into a billion dollar industry as spectators and participants. Our need for sports fuels our pride and self worth as Americans. However, organized youth sports in the U.S. are still a relatively new phenomenon. Prior to 1954, most organized sports in this country took place through social agencies such as the YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, etc. (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Since this time, the benefits provided by these activities have developed into private youth sports organizatio ns primarily run by volunteering adults. Does our obsession have a purpose? Do organized sports play a positive role in the lives of our children? At first thought, any red blooded American would say absolutely. But can we explain why and in what way organized sports benefit our children? Parents and coaches have alluded to the idea that sports are great for kids for decades, but when this comment is made it seems to be accepted without any question. In the following text we will discuss specific benefits from participation in organized sports including the physical, psychological, and academic impact of sport on children. We will also look at the research to see the concrete proof that organized sports play a vital role in the development of the youth of this country. Physical The most alarming issue facing the health of our country and specifically our children is the epidemic of childhood obesity. The infrastructure of our nation’s health care system will be tested as we see the first wave of obese children reach adulthood and deal with the related health issues. The scary facts are that the lifestyle and diet we promote is trickling down to the children of this country. Health issues that are linked to adult obesity are now becoming more and more common in children and teens. For example, type II diabetes was once considered adult on-set diabetes, but today the cases of children with type II diabetes is raising at an alarming rate. The estimated yearly cost of obesity in this country is estimated at around 61 billion dollars. With these issues facing the children of this country we need a cure right? Well a portion of that cure is located in organized sports. The solution is simple to stopping the trend of childhood obesity; eat less and be mo re active. Today children in this country are far less active than prior generations. Through childhood activity, we are not only saving our children from a life of obesity as adults but we are also potentially saving this country billions of dollars in missed days of work, dollars spent on health care, and rising disability rates. (Healthierchildren.org). In 1997, the CDC stated within its â€Å"Guidelines for Schools and Communities for Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity† that youth sports can promote positive behavior that can last a lifetime (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Much debate has been discussed in the general public about the frequency and duration it takes for a child athlete to receive benefits from physical activity. Boys and girls who participate in just two 50 minute training sessions per week improved their aerobic capacity by 15% in just six months (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). How young is too young for involvement in organized sports? Children under the age of 5 are more than likely to receive from organized sports the simplest of benefits. For example, children at this age seem to enjoy the advancement in motor skills and interaction and not the competitive aspect of the activity (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). A study in Singapore showed that even preschoolers could benefit from involvement in organized sports. This study showed that preschoolers who participated in organized sports where stronger physically, socially, and emotionally developed than peers who were not evolved in organized sports at the preschool level (Nonis, 2004). As with adults over training is a serious issue. A 1980 study detailed the risks of over training with child athletes. There is points in training were growth actually may be retarded (McKeag, 1980). This extreme should not scare parents from allowing there children to participate in a appropriate level of physica l activity. Academics We live in a competitive world and as a culture it is our duty to prepare children for the competition. The benefits of organized sports reach farther than the playing fields and hardwood floors of our schools. Organized sport has the potential to also help our children in the realm of academia. Sports help us to prepare for a life filled with stiff competition. Organized athletics teach children to respect authority and to develop time management skills outside the classroom; to be able to balance the responsibilities of being a student and an athlete. The typical stereo-type of the â€Å"dumb athlete† couldn’t be any farther from the actual truth. Current research actually points to a relationship between organized athletics and higher academics. The lessons learned outside the classroom transfer directly into relationships with teachers and peers in an educational environment. The research points to a direct correlation between organized sports and higher development rates in academics. Athletics teach our children to master skills and to focus on the development of virtue over the outcome (Durrant, 2007)). This is a concept that parents and coaches since the dawn of sports have stressed. Organized sports teach life lessons of discipline, hard work, dedication, and how to push through adversity. But the stereotype of the â€Å"dumb jock† has also haunted organized sport as well. The truth is that students who participate in extra curricular activities including organized sports tend to be more academically equipped (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). It must be noted that students who participate in multiple extracurricular activities including those outside of organized sport seem to benefit the most academically. Psychological The average person knows that there is a positive feeling of self that comes from physical activity and exercise. From a physiological stand point we could say that this is caused by the body producing natural endorphins that just make us feel good for a short period of time following exercise. But the truth is through organized sport we build a sense of self worth, and accomplishment not present in exercise and physical activity alone. These positive feelings we feel following participation in organized sport are the direct result of putting hard work in and seeing the outcome for the whole group not just the individual. The truth is that sports give children an opportunity to develop self concept and how to express themselves within a group. It seems that this is a natural need that even children who do not participate in organized sports have. For example, children in early elementary school are seen looking for situations to act out their competitive nature; competition becomes an independent social motive. Organized sports give these children an outlet for this natural behavior (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradely, 1996) As health professionals, it is our job to promote behavior that will increase quality of life and educate Americans on the risk taken in certain behaviors, yet in this country today our children are living lives of risk. Our children are putting themselves at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse, adult obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, etc. Extracurricular activities including organized sports have a direct impact on decreasing risky behavior by children. This can mainly be explained due to the type of peers a child associates with on a regular basis. If a child participates in extracurricular activities his or her choice of friends is likely to be from the pool of children that participate in the given extracurricular activity. Peers who are involved in extracurricular activities tend to be more academically conscience and less likely to live lifestyles promoting risky behavior (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). If a child is surrounding them selves with responsi ble peers risky behavior is likely being decreased. In American society today it seems antisocial behavior is accepted, we claim that it’s just a phase or that it’s alright to just be who we are. While both of these may be true, a healthy person is a pro-social person who can function in main stream society. So what role can organized sport play in creating positive pro-social behaviors in children? Children who have been involved in organized sport tend to be more pro-social than their counterparts who have not been exposed to organized sport at an early age. Sports have been used with some success with improving adults and children with antisocial issues, but no clear evidence has shown sports as an effective treatment for antisocial behavior issues (Duncan, 2004). Organized sports may not have a place in treatment of children with antisocial issues but it is clear that children who have been exposed to sports at an early age are less likely to have antisocial disorders. Organized sports participation has been proven to lower scores in the areas of externalizing problems, social problems, aggression problems, and delinquency problems (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The number one psychological issue in the life of a child or young adult is the idea of self worth or self concept. The easiest way to define self concept is how do I feel about myself? What kind of self worth do I have? Various researchers have pointed to self concept as the variable with the most potential to reflect the most positive psychological gains (Sonstroem Morgan, 1988). Researchers have found a positive relationship between organized or formal sports and a positive concept of self (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The strength of self concept is built through the knowledge that I, as a person on my own, can finish what I start. I, as a person, can put my mind to a given task and perform that task with the skill I have learned through hard work. And most of all, I can contribute to the group giving us overall success. The large focus of research in the health and sport community has focused on the benefits of organized sport, but can children receive the same social benefits from relatively unorganized sports activities? The answer to this question seems to be that children do not benefit from the same life skills that come from organized sports. Organized sports do create an environment where we learn to exist within the team concept. The world of organized sport appeals to young people who are drawn to the team concept and have a positive view of authority and the group concept. However, the earlier children are involved in organized athletics the more likely they are to be attracted to these sports as a adolescent (Donaldson Ronon, 2007). Many have witnessed the out of control parent at a little league game or a child who participates in too many activities and gives up a sport at a later age. These are examples of the negative impact of youth sports. The negative impact of youth sports is a real and valid concern. The psychological benefits of youth sports are just as great for the child who grows up to have nothing to do with competitive athletics (McKeag, 1980). Conclusion The proof is in the research, organized sports provide positive benefits. Physically, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to develop asthma and diabetes as adults. Academically, children who participate in organized sports are more likely to excel in the classroom. Socially, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to suffer from depression and less likely to participate in antisocial high risk behavior. With all the positives involved, why do we see so many states and individual school districts cutting funds and opportunities for children to participate in organized childhood sports? It is vital that we fight to not only keep childhood sports a priority in our primary schools but also expand those programs. As parents we must take it on ourselves to give our children every chance to benefit from organized youth sports, even if it means taking time out of our own busy schedules to volunteer. As Americans we cannot afford to see a day when o rganized sports are limited to only those families who can afford to pay for their children to participate in them. In order for organized sport to become a priority in this country, we as health professionals must educate the public on the positives and how they translate to the long term financial and social benefits for our country. Donaldson, S., Ronan,K. (2006 Summer). The Effecs of Sports Participation on Young Adolescents’ Emotional Well-being. Adolescence, 41(162), 369-389. Duncan, S., Duncan, T., Strycker, L., Chaumeton, N. (March 3, 2002). Relations Beween Youth Antisocial and Prosocial Activites, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25 (5) 425-438. Durant, S. (2007 Summer). Raising Successful and Emotionally Healthy Children in a Competitive World. Independent School, 66(4), 116-116. Eppright, T., Sanfacon, J., Beck, N., Bradley, J. (December 23, 1996). Sports Psychiatry in Childhood and Adolescence: An Overview, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28(2), 71-86. McKeag, D. (1980). Sports and the Young Athlete: A Family Practice Perspective, Sports and the Young Athlete, 3-16. Nonis, K. (November 2005). Kindergarten Teachers’ View About the Importance of Preschoolers’ Partcipation in Sports in Singapore. Early Child Development and Care, 175(7-8), 719-742. Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M., (September 1997). Youth Sports in America, President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 2(11), 2-14. Research Papers on The Effect of Organized Sport on ChildrenEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Illegal Immigration - For illegal immigration for America Research Paper

Illegal Immigration - For illegal immigration for America - Research Paper Example It also includes the existing laws being implemented to combat this long-term issue that has conquered America by storm. It will also document the reasons as to why the US immigration policies failed as evidenced by the increasing number of illegal immigrants from all over the world. The role of government is given an emphasis to come- up with domestic policies to ensure that security and anti-terrorism concerns of the country are dealt with by law. Lastly, it will also provide the worldwide effect of immigration in the US and the participation of the other nations on how to prevent their citizens from entering the US without legal documentation. Keywords: illegal immigration, immigration laws, amnesty, legalization, illegal immigrants. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN AMERICA Since time immemorial America has been considered the land of â€Å"milk and honey† for millions of people from all across the world. Most of the citizens from poor countries aim to reach America as their end dest ination thinking that this is the place where there is more than enough for everything. It has been perceived as the land of abundance, wealth and endless opportunities. The ultimate goal of the illegal immigrants is to enter US and land a job which will earn them a substantial income to support their families in their country of origin. However, at present time, we all know that America has been experiencing economic recession and even its countrymen were not spared of this crisis, as many became unemployed, homeless and suffered financial distress. Dubbed as the â€Å"nation of nations†, Lemay (2009, p. xv) has reported that the United States has absorbed immigrants from 170 countries across the globe. It has been the home of almost 70 million legal immigrants and experienced the influx of an estimated 11 million of illegal immigrants. The unauthorized flow of illegal immigrants entering the America is caused by inefficiencies of the immigration system of the US government to enact stricter laws and policies to address the current problems. History Ngai (2007, p.2) has reported that as early as 1920’s, the unauthorized entry has become the most common form of illegal immigration which has been condemned by both the state and the society. These unauthorized immigrants may either be welcome or unwelcomed by the US. They became in demand by the economic sector as their labor is cheap and replaceable. In the middle decades of the 20th century, they were only billeted in the western and southwestern agriculture. But at present, illegal immigrants have evolved and can be found in almost every region in the United States. Based on the records, the United States documented the number of immigrants who earned the status of authorized immigrants. â€Å"An approximate of 70 million of them forms part of the legal immigrants, but as history would tell us, the flow of unauthorized entrants likewise increased. According to LeMay (2007 p.1), the heavy traffi c of these illegal immigrants commenced after 1970, and the massive volume was recorded at present time. Today, there is an estimate of 10.5 to 11 million illegal immigrants living in the US. The Evolution of US Immigration Laws In the study made by Kenney (2009, pp. 21-23), she highlighted the significant immigration laws: The Immigration and International Act of 1965 was the law which set the limit on the immigrants coming from the Western Hemisphere, including Mexico. It set a limit of 20,000

Peter roberts watches expanding in HONG KONG Essay

Peter roberts watches expanding in HONG KONG - Essay Example PESTEL analysis (Porter, 1980) focuses on the external forces that play a key in role in a firm’s ability to produce and sell. The political analysis relates to the political context of a country and governments often use them to influence the business operations. According to (Porter, 1980), these factors include trading policy; international relations and taxation policy just to mention a few. Hong Kong is relative a stable and thus offers an excellent environment for international investors to conduct business. However, the imposition of 30% tax on international companies while letting local companies free could pose challenges to Peter Roberts watches in terms of competition (HKTDC Research, 2015). Porter (1985) posits that economic factors have a significant effect on business and, in particular, the national economy where the business is located. The economic factors influence business largely in terms of income, interest rates, and general demand. Kotler et al. (2013) argues that high-interest rates discourage investment whereas high inflation affects employee wages. Hong Kong is a rising, stable economy with low inflation rates; consequently, this will be more appealing to Peter Roberts Watches to conduct business. Porter (1985) describes social factors as encompassing factors such as population growth rates, social attitudes, and social demographics among others. The significance of these factors is in their ability to affect the demand for a firm’s goods. Hong Kong’s population has a significantly large proportion of its population composed of the Y-generation (Lenway & Murtha, 1994). This generation is fashion conscious and has a high affinity for trendy products. Peter Roberts Watches firm’s ability to produce a variety of watches including fashion will ultimately appeal to this population hence market (Peter Roberts, 2015). Technological factors

How Continuous Quality Improvement Can Address Medical Errors

How Continuous Quality Improvement Can Address Medical Errors This paper will cover medical errors and how Continuous Quality Improvement can address them. Health care managers have addressed the issue of medical errors for many years. Medical errors can be caused by lack or communication and leadership. Quality improvement in the health care environment is a hot topic and managers are researching ways in which they can increase the quality of care that a patient receives. The quality of care that a patient receives can be the determining factor as to whether they live or die. It is critical that managers develop policies and implement control measure to control the rise of medical errors. Attention to medical errors escalated over five years ago with the release of a study from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which found that between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die each year in U.S. hospitals due to preventable medical errors (Kaiseredu, 2010). Hospital errors rank between the fifth and eighth leading cause of death, killing more Americans than breast cancer, traffic accidents or AIDS. Serious medication errors occur in the cases of five to 10 percent of patients admitted to hospitals. These numbers may understate the problem because they do not include preventable deaths due to medical treatments outside of hospitals (kaiseredu, 2010). Health care managers, along with the Food and Drug Administration, have study the medical error reports to determine the cause of errors. Medical errors are one of the leading causes as to why health care has declined. To improve healthcare managers must determine how to decrease the mortality rates. Managers can determine this by studying and analyzing medical reports. These reports provided managers with detailed information on what procedure was being conducted or what medication the patient was administered. In a study by the FDA that evaluated reports of fatal medication errors from 1993 to 1998, the most common error involving medications was related to administration of an improper dose of medicine, accounting for 41% of fatal medication errors. Giving the wrong drug and using the wrong route of administration each accounted for 16% of the errors. Almost half of the fatal medication errors occurred in people over the age of 60. Older people may be at greatest risk for medicati on errors because they often take multiple prescription medications (Stoppler Marks, 2010). History has shown that many surveys and research studies have been conducted, so that providers can learn where and why mistakes are being made. Once providers have a clear understanding, they can implement control measure to insure these mistakes do not occur. National Patient Safety Foundation Survey: The National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) commissioned a phone survey in 1997 to review patient opinions about medical mistakes. The findings showed that 42% of people believed they had personally experienced a medical mistake. In these cases, the error affected them personally (33%), a relative (48%), or a friend (19%) (Wrongdiagnosis, 2010). Patients that were given the survey have experienced the following medical errors: Misdiagnosis (40%), Medication error (28%), Medical procedure error (22%), Administrative error (4%), Communication error (2%), Incorrect laboratory results (2%), Equipment malfunction (1%), and Other error (7%). Patient safety should be the number one concern for health care organizations. Health care managers are held accountable for ensuring that patients are provided with quality care. They are also accountable for the patients that are injured or die due to a providerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s medical error. The health care industries along with scientific researchers have developed tools in which the quality of care can be measured. Organizations can use these tools to determine if effective care is being provided. Once they have determined the level of care they are providing, they can educate providers on what they are doing both wrong and right. The most common method used to determine the quality of care, is through the use of surveys. Health care organizations can provide staff and patients with surveys to determine what areas the organization can improve and sustain. These surveys will not be provided to every patient the provider has treated but only a selected few will be surveyed. Quality measurement in the healthcare industry requires a large amount of resources and funding. Researchers will most likely use methods that have worked before and have provide them with data; they could use to enhance the level of care the organization is providing. Healthcare researchers are constantly trying to find ways in which the completely eliminate medical errors. Due to the continuous cycle of experienced providers leaving and new providers being hired, medical errors in many cases will never be eliminated. Health care organizations can however implement the necessary control measures to ensure that patients are not misdiagnosed or the wrong limb is not amputated (Cohen, 2007). Healthcare organizations can decrease medical errors by establishing a continuous quality improvement plan that calls for the development of a multidisciplinary team to research and investigate the causes of medical errors. The Department of Veteran Affairs uses a CQI model developed by the Joint Commission to reduce the number or medical mistakes made by providers. Joint Commissions surveys all the Veteran Affairs Medical centers to see whether their staff is following the medical policies and regulations in providing quality care. Joint Commission has also established policies regarding how health care organizations will report and handle sentinel events. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of limb or function. The phrase, or the risk thereof includes any process variation for which a recurrence would carry a significant chance of a serious adverse outcome. Such events are called sentinel because they signal the need for immediate investigation and response (Jointcommission, 2010). In conclusion medical errors can occur at anytime while a patient is receiving care. It is important that health care providers communicate and provide education to their staff on reducing the number of medical errors, the facility has encountered. Medical errors can lead to the organization being sued by the patient or the patient family member. Law suites can be devastating for any organization to go through and can reduce the amount of funds that have been allotted to providing quality care. Therefore it is important that medical errors are reduced and even eliminated.

Financing the Purchase of a Website - The Small Business Administration (SBA) :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Financing the Purchase of a Website - The Small Business Administration (SBA) Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com One of the Small Business Administration's primary objectives is to help small businesses obtain financing. Although the SBA itself does not make direct loans, it has set up a number of loan programs to assist small businesses. In connection with most of these programs, the SBA provides guarantees to the private sector lenders who actually make the loans. With this guaranty in place, these lenders will generally make loans for the purchase of websites that they would not otherwise make. The discussion below focuses on those programs that are most commonly used by buyers in connection with financing the purchase of a website. Section 7(a) Program The Section 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program is one of the SBA's most important and widely used lending programs. Loans may be used for a wide variety of business purposes, including the purchase of websites and most other types of assets. Although in most cases, there is no limit on the size of the loan which can be requested from the lender, there is a limit on the amount of the loan that the SBA will guaranty. Generally the SBA will guaranty up to $1,000,000 and 75% (85% for loans under $150,000) of the loan. Thus, a $1,333,333 loan would be the largest fully guaranteed SBA loan under the Section 7(a) program. Eligibility for this type of loan guaranty is dependent on a number of factors. The website must be operated for profit, do business in the , and have a reasonable amount of equity invested by the owner. Note that all owners of 20% or more of the website must personally guaranty the loan. The size of the website must also be below certain size limits established by the SBA. These size limits vary by industry. Additional considerations include the website 's cash flow, and the owner's character, management capability, and equity contribution. Other details include: Loan Maturities - Term is based on the ability to repay, the loan purpose, and the useful life of the website. The maximum maturities are (i) the shorter of 25 years or the useful life for most hard assets and (ii) 7 years for working capital. Principal Repayments - Loan principal is structured to amortize over the period of the loan. Thus there is no "balloon" balance owing on the loan's maturity date. Interest Rates - Interest rates can be either fixed or floating, and are negotiated between the borrower and the lender. Financing the Purchase of a Website - The Small Business Administration (SBA) :: Sell Websites Buy Websites Financing the Purchase of a Website - The Small Business Administration (SBA) Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com One of the Small Business Administration's primary objectives is to help small businesses obtain financing. Although the SBA itself does not make direct loans, it has set up a number of loan programs to assist small businesses. In connection with most of these programs, the SBA provides guarantees to the private sector lenders who actually make the loans. With this guaranty in place, these lenders will generally make loans for the purchase of websites that they would not otherwise make. The discussion below focuses on those programs that are most commonly used by buyers in connection with financing the purchase of a website. Section 7(a) Program The Section 7(a) Loan Guaranty Program is one of the SBA's most important and widely used lending programs. Loans may be used for a wide variety of business purposes, including the purchase of websites and most other types of assets. Although in most cases, there is no limit on the size of the loan which can be requested from the lender, there is a limit on the amount of the loan that the SBA will guaranty. Generally the SBA will guaranty up to $1,000,000 and 75% (85% for loans under $150,000) of the loan. Thus, a $1,333,333 loan would be the largest fully guaranteed SBA loan under the Section 7(a) program. Eligibility for this type of loan guaranty is dependent on a number of factors. The website must be operated for profit, do business in the , and have a reasonable amount of equity invested by the owner. Note that all owners of 20% or more of the website must personally guaranty the loan. The size of the website must also be below certain size limits established by the SBA. These size limits vary by industry. Additional considerations include the website 's cash flow, and the owner's character, management capability, and equity contribution. Other details include: Loan Maturities - Term is based on the ability to repay, the loan purpose, and the useful life of the website. The maximum maturities are (i) the shorter of 25 years or the useful life for most hard assets and (ii) 7 years for working capital. Principal Repayments - Loan principal is structured to amortize over the period of the loan. Thus there is no "balloon" balance owing on the loan's maturity date. Interest Rates - Interest rates can be either fixed or floating, and are negotiated between the borrower and the lender.

R.C Air Plane

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Group Members: ADEEL AHMAD(080304) BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) BE MECHATRONICS (7-A) Project Supervisor Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AIR UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Final Year Project Report (Fall) DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Submitted By: ADEEL AHMAD(080304)BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) Project Supervisor ____________________________ Assistant Professor, Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali Head of Department ____________________________ Professor/Dean/Chair Department, Engr. Dr. Zafar-ullah-Koreshi Page IAcknowledgement. Page IITable of Contents: Chapter 1: IntroductionPage No. 02 1. 1 Basic IntroductionPage No. 03 1. 2 Transmitter/ReceiverPage No. 04 1. 3 Microcontroller Page No. 05 1. 4 Digital GyroscopePage No. 05 Chapter 2: Literature Review Page No. 06 2. History Page No. 07 Chapter 3: Modeling & DesignPage No. 08 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motors Page No. 09 3. 2 Design of RC PlanePage No. 11 3. 3 Major Parts of RC PlanePage No. 12 3. 4 Mechanical AnalysisPage No. Chapter 4: ReferencesPage No. 14 4. 1 BooksPage No. 15 4. 2 WebsitesPage No. 15 Acknowledgements Apart from the efforts from us, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.We would like to show our greatest appreciation to our project Supervisor Assistant Professor, Engr. Muzaffar Ali. We can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. We feel motivated and encouraged every time we attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this proje ct would not have materialized. Needless to mention that Sir Raheel Afzal & Sir Moeen Maboob, Lab Engineers, who had been a source of inspiration and for their timely guidance in the conduct of our project work. We would also like to thank all the Faculty Members for all their valuable assistance in the project work.Finally, yet importantly, We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project. Chapter # 1 Introduction 1. 1: Basic Introduction Radio Controlled (RC) plane is basically a smaller prototype of an actual aircraft and its dynamics are relatively difficult to understand. For RC Plane there is 3-degree of freedom. Important parameters are: roll, pitch and yaw. To achieve control of these parameters, there are three control surfaces ailerons, elevators and rudder. 1. : Transmitter/Receiver †¢ A Transmitter is an electronic device that gener ates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech or other sources, and radiates the resulting signal from an antenna. The transmitter used for project has 6 channels and is programmable for both airplanes and helicopters. It has a 3-way flap switch, aileron and elevator dual rate switches, rudder mix switch, gear and aux2 switch. A preset memory makes it possible to set up several different models on the same radio. †¢ A  Receiver  converts signals from a radio  antenna  to a usable form.It uses  electronic filters  to separate a wanted  radio frequency  signal from all other signals, the  electronic amplifier  increases the level suitable for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through  demodulation  and  decoding. Information carried on a radio signal may represent sound, images or data. We are using a 6 channel tiny 4 grams receiver with signal path diversity. 1. 3: Microcontro ller We will be using Arduino AT-Mega 328 Microcontroller and it has a dedicated PWM pin. It has built in ADC therefore no external ADC is required and it is very much faster than Atmel Microcontrollers . 4: Digital Gyroscope How Gyroscopes Work: Gyroscope can balance on almost on any surface with single contact: It can be a finger or even a string. They can resist motion about the spin axis in very odd ways; but the most interesting effect is that gravity-defying part which is called  Precession. We will be using Eclectic Gyroscope in our RC Plane to provide it with stable Flight. We are using Gyro ITG 3200. Chapter # 2 Literature Review 2. 1: History The earliest examples of electronically guided model aircraft were hydrogen-filled model  airships  of the late 19th century.They were flown as a music hall act around theater auditoriums using a basic form of spark-emitted radio signal. In 1920s, the  Royal Aircraft Establishment  of Britain built and tested the Larynx, a  monoplane  with a 100-mile (160  km) range powered by a Lynx engine. It was not until the 1930s that the British came up with the Queen Bee, a modified  de Havilland Tiger Moth, and similar target aircraft. Radio control technology has been in use since 1893, when Nikola Tesla created a boat that was controlled by transmitted radio waves. In 1917, the first radio controlled airplane was successful.During World War II, Germany tried a variety of weapons that were operated by radio control. Radio controlled model airplanes have evolved over the years and seen improvements since that first flight in 1917. Chapter # 3 Modeling & Design 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motrors 3. 2: Design of RC Plane 3. 3: Major Parts Of RC Plane Rudder Flex the rudder back and forth to loosen up the foam hinge. The less force needed to move the rudder the less stress is put on the servo during flight. Alternatively cut them off and use clear packing tape to re-attach them, one slice on each side. [pic ] ElevatorAdjust the travel adjust value to the maximum allowed before the servo begins to bind. [pic] Wings Helps the Plane in gliding and to increase the surface area of the plane. [pic] Aileron For maximum throw, the aileron wing servo has to be swapped around vertically. The servo head should be pointing toward the back instead of the leading wing edge 4. Mechanical Analysis All dimensions of the Plane are From National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics  (NACA) , we selected the NACA series of 0015 as it was cheaper to fabricate. The Analysis of the Aerofoil was performed on Gambit & Fluent as these software are used for fluid analysis.We calculated the Coefficient of Drag & Lift using these software to determine whether the plane will fly or not. The coordinates of the NACA series 0015 was taken from the NACA site. Theoretical Calculations †¢ Length of Aerofoil (chord)= 19 cm †¢ Max Thickness of Aerofoil=2. 85 cm (2. 85/19)*100= 15 We Know that our Aerofoil is Symm etrical, therefore the The NACA Series number of our Foil is 0015 †¢ The NACA 0015 airfoil is symmetrical, the 00 indicating that it has no camber. The 15 indicates that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 15% as thick as it is long.NACA 0015 1. 000000, 0. 001580 0. 950000, 0. 010080 0. 900000, 0. 018100 0. 800000, 0. 032790 0. 700000, 0. 045800 0. 600000, 0. 057040 0. 500000, 0. 066170 0. 400000, 0. 072540 0. 300000, 0. 075020 0. 250000, 0. 074270 0. 200000, 0. 071720 0. 150000, 0. 066820 0. 100000, 0. 058530 0. 075000, 0. 052500 0. 050000, 0. 044430 0. 025000, 0. 032680 0. 012500, 0. 023670 0. 000000, 0. 000000 0. 012500, -0. 023670 0. 025000, -0. 032680 0. 050000, -0. 044430 0. 075000, -0. 052500 0. 100000, -0. 058530 0. 150000, -0. 066820 0. 200000, -0. 071720 . 250000, -0. 074270 0. 300000, -0. 075020 0. 400000, -0. 072540 0. 500000, -0. 066170 0. 600000, -0. 057040 0. 700000, -0. 045800 0. 800000, -0. 032790 0. 900000, -0. 018100 0. 950000, -0. 01 0080 1. 000000, -0. 001580 Chapter # 4 References 6. 1: Reference Books 6. 2: References Web-Sites file:///G:/GBx%20Brushless%20Motor%20Calculator. htm http://www. futaba-rc. com/ http://www. mathworks. com/products/sl-design-optimization/demos. html? file=/products/demos/shipping/sldo/spe_servomotor. html http://www. futaba-rc. com/servos/brushless. html www. 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Sociology- Nature Versus Nurture - 1816 Words

Nature versus Nurture The roles of nature (what we genetically inherit) and or nurture (what we learn) in making us what we are have long been argued. The idea that humans are determined by these two influences dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Protagorus who in the fifth century BC compared physics (nature) and nomos (tradition). It is however difficult to unravel the separate influences of nature and nurture. If the children of musically talented parents are themselves musically talent, is it because of genetic inheritance (nature) or because of a musical environment at home where they grow up(nurture)? The nature versus nurture debate concentrates on the question of how far our behavior is determined by nature at birth†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Both drove a blue Chevrolet. †¢ Both built white benches round the trunk of a tree in their gardens. †¢ Both had a habit of biting their fingernails. †¢ Both were chain smokers of same brand of cigarettes †¢ Their tem peraments, voice patterns and nervous habits were also similar. Thus the case of Jim Twins might lead us towards the idea that nature determines our human behavior. Sociobiology (the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior) was developed by E.O. Wilson in 1980 s. According to sociobiology’s human behavior is determined naturally just like animal behavior. According to sociobiologist Steven Gavlin and Alice Schlegel (1980) individuals act in order to maximize their genes in future generations. Thus the tendency of man to have sexual relationship with beautiful women is to maximize his genes. Similarly behavior of both men and women is thus guided by genetic factors. These above mentioned evidences shows that human behavior is determined by nature or genetic influences. Our race (color of the skin and other bodily features (sex, certain diseases, flood groups, are no doubt inherited. Human beings are directly influenced by nature. For example, hunger, th irst, physical fatigue, gradual but in exorable degeneration human body all constrain our human life, shaping what we can do and can be. For example vigorous physical exercise is beyond the capacities of virtually allShow MoreRelatedSociology- Nature Versus Nurture1801 Words   |  8 PagesNature versus Nurture The roles of nature (what we genetically inherit) and or nurture (what we learn) in making us what we are have long been argued. The idea that humans are determined by these two influences dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Protagorus who in the fifth century BC compared physics (nature) and nomos (tradition). 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I have enjoyed all of those classes in my undergrad and to hear them brought up again makes me feel like a sponge waiting to absorb the material. I have heard the term locus of control severalRead More Nature v. Nurture in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins2229 Words   |  9 PagesNature v. Nurture in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins What makes a person who they are is a difficult dilemma. Mark Twains novel, Puddnhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins is a critical analysis of how nature and nurture can cultivate emotions and free will, which in turn affects the life of individuals. Twains faltering sense of direction began about slavery, moral decay, and deceptive realities (Kaplan 314). The debate of `nature versus nurture has been